Equations 

 

eu = ln [A0)/Au]                                            s =  K em

 

e1 + e2 + e3 = 0                                            F/A = H = 3s0

                                                         

V = A0L0 = AL                                                      st  =  (dst / det )

 

s = s0 + K en                                                                              G = E / [2(1+n)]

 

st = [P/A0] exp(et)  =  se (1 + ee)                  t = h [dg/dt]  = h (dv/dy)

 

et = ln (1 + ee) = ln (L/L0)                                      h  = A exp [ Q/RT]

 

                                                                   HB = 2P / [ pD2(1 – cosf)]

 

so(tension) < s1 < s0 (compression)             Meyer = 4P / pd2

 

tmax = (s1 - s3 )/ 2                                        KHN = 14.2 P / d2

 

s1 - s3  = s0                                                          HV = 1.85 P / d2

 

Ö2/ 2[ (s1-s2)2 + (s2-s3)2  + (s1-s3)2 ]1/2  > s0                

 

 

(s1-s2)2 + (s2-s3)2  + (s1-s3)2   ³ 6 k2 = constant              

 

k = k0 + A sp

 

(s1/a)2  + (s2/b)2 = k2

 

R = 8.314 J mol-1 °K-1                         Avogadro’s Number = 6.022 · 1023 mol-1

 

Boltzmann’s constant, k = 1.381· 10-23 J/°K