Course Objectives

to develop a procedure or protocol for the selectionto develop a procedure or protocol for the selection
to select and use appropriate industrial literature andto select and use appropriate industrial literature and
to effectively present and defend materials selectionto effectively present and defend materials selection

creativity – requires creation of something that has not existed before or has not existed in the mind of the designer before
complexity – requires decisions on many variables and parameters
choice – requires making choices between many possible solutions at all levels, from basic concepts to smallest detail of shape
compromise – requires balancing multiple and sometimes conflicting requirements or constraints

Product Cost Committed during Phases of Design Process

Basic Module in the Design Process -an Iterative Modular Activity

Product Architecture

functional decomposition
subdivision of entire system into subsystems, modules or “chunks”

Configurational Design

characterization of spatial relationships within component
creation of a “short list” of materials from which to select

Parametric Design

final material and processing selections
component performance -“robustness”: failure avoidance

Codes

collection of laws and rules defining statuatory design requirements intended for consumer protection
tells engineer what to do, when and under what circumstances it has to be done

Code Forms

performance codes specify result to be achieved [it’s not how you play the game….]
prescriptive [specification] codes regulate both ends and means.

Examples of Codes

Trade Codes: plumbing, sanitation [i.e. “building codes”]
Safety Codes: National Safety Council [NFC], National Fire Protection Association [NFPA], Underwriters’ Laboratory certifications….
Professional Society/Associations Codes: AMSE, SAE
Statuatory Codes: EPA emission levels, etc
Regulations

Collection of procedures, criteria, dimensions, materials, etc. with voluntary compliance -i.e., recommendations
tells engineer how to do something without the force of law

Categories of Standards

Performance Standards -trade related: seat belts [automobiles], crash tests….
Test Method Standards -ASTM, UL
Codes of Practice -e.g. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessels

Types of Standards

Proprietary [in-house] Standards
Industry Consensus Standards -e.g. ANSI
Government Specification -e.g. Mil Specs
Product Definition Standards -prepared and issued by NIST [nee NBS]
Testing and Certification Standards -ASTM
International Standards -ISO 9000

Invention -creative act involving conception of an idea
Innovation -adaptation of an invention into practice and utilization in the economy
Diffusion -mechanism with which innovation is distributed or spread.